Resume tailoring
Also called targeted resume, customizing your resume.
Rewriting an existing resume for one specific posting so the relevant experience is the visible experience.
Tailoring is not writing a new resume. It is reordering and reweighting one you already have: leading with the projects the posting cares about, cutting the bullets that are true but irrelevant here, and using the employer's vocabulary for things you did under a different internal name. The facts don't change; the emphasis does.
It works because of how the first pass actually happens. A recruiter reads the top third of the first page and decides whether to keep reading. If the three things the role is built around are on page two under a job from four years ago, you lose to a weaker candidate whose relevant work is at the top.
The economics are why most people skip it. Twenty minutes per application is unaffordable at fifty applications, so people send one generic resume everywhere and accept a low response rate. The realistic middle is two or three maintained variants for the distinct kinds of role you're targeting, tailored further only for the applications you actually care about — or tooling that does the reweighting from a master resume so the per-application cost drops enough to do it every time.
Master resume
A complete, unedited record of everything you've done, kept privately as the source you cut every real resume down from.
Keyword optimization
Using the employer's own vocabulary for skills and tools you genuinely have, so you appear in the searches a recruiter runs.
Applicant Tracking System (ATS)
The software an employer uses to receive, store, search, and move job applications through their hiring process.
Job posting
The employer's public description of a role — part specification, part marketing, and rarely a literal list of requirements.